Data Offloading in the Internet of Vehicles Using a Hybrid Optimization Technique

Abstract

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is utilized for collecting enormous real time information driven traffics and alert drivers depending on situations. In recent times, all smart vehicles are developed with IoT devices. These devices communicate with a radio access unit (RAU) at road side. Moreover, a 5G system is equipped with a base station and connection interfaces that use optic fiber for their effective communication. For a fast mode of communication, the IoV must offload its data to the nearest edge nodes. The main problem with the IoV is that it generates enormous data which is offloaded randomly during the journey. This data exceeds the memory of the edge or road side unit (RSU) devices. This feature also causes substantial energy usage and high storage cost. To overcome the above issues, hybrid optimization techniques are suggested to offload the data with an energy efficient destination. In this research, the Clustered Block Chain Based Grasshopper Optimizer (BC-GAO) Based Task Offloading is implemented for a green IoV. The block chain provides a secure environment for sharing extensive data. The IoV data are clustered according to the vehicle location, and the grasshopper optimization is employed in selecting the RSU to offload the data. The result for the proposed technique is evaluated using OPNET Modulator and MATLAB. The simulated results are compared with the other existing techniques such as Random Offloading, Full Offloading, Mobility Aware Task Offloading, and the Lyapunov-based Dynamic Offloading Decision algorithm. The proposed algorithm computed 100 tasks in 33.27 s by consuming 19.23 joule energy, a value which is lower than all other existing techniques.