Abstract
Trace elements migrate among different environment bodies with the natural geochemical reactions, and impacted by human industrial, agricultural, and civil activities. High load of trace elements in water, river and lake sediment, soil and air particle lead to potential to health of human being and ecological system. To control the impact on environment, source apportionment is a meaningful, and also a challenging task. Traditional methods to make source apportionment are usually based on geochemical techniques, or univariate analysis techniques. In recently years, the methods of multivariate analysis, and the related concepts data mining, machine learning, big data, are developing fast, which provide a novel route that combing the geochemical and data mining techniques together. These methods have been proved successful to deal with the source apportionment issue. In this chapter, the data mining methods used on this topic and implementations in recent years are reviewed. The basic method includes principal component analysis, factor analysis, clustering analysis, positive matrix fractionation, decision tree, Bayesian network, artificial neural network, etc. Source apportionment of trace elements in surface water, ground water, river and lake sediment, soil, air particles, dust are discussed.
Highlights
On the issue of trace element contamination of environment, the trace elements refer to the elements with lower concentrations than the major elements, O, H, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Ti, which are usually take no more than 1% in rocks and minerals
From the view of environmental impact, the phases trace elements and heavy metals refer to similar research objects, which are used as group name for metals and metalloids that have been associated with contamination of water, river sediment, soil and air particles and potential toxicity and ecotoxicity
CA stands for clustering analysis, ANN stands for artificial neural network, FA stand for factor analysis, MLR stands for multi-linear regression, discrimination analysis (DA) stands for discriminate analysis, EF stands for enrichment factor, positive matrix factorization (PMF) stands for positive matrix fractionation
Summary
On the issue of trace element contamination of environment, the trace elements refer to the elements with lower concentrations than the major elements, O, H, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Ti, which are usually take no more than 1% in rocks and minerals. The trace elements have attracting wide research attentions for their high potential on environmental contamination and health impact. From the view of environmental impact, the phases trace elements and heavy metals refer to similar research objects, which are used as group name for metals and metalloids that have been associated with contamination of water, river sediment, soil and air particles and potential toxicity and ecotoxicity. In order to understand and control pollution of the trace element, source identification and quantification of TEs in water, sediment, soil, and particles are of great importance. The advances of multivariate analysis on the issue of source apportionment, especially several kinds of multivariate analytical method; second, understanding of the contaminating origin of TEs on important environmental media, ground and surface water, sediment in river and lake, soil, precipitate dust, suspended particle matters, PM 2.5 and PM 10
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