Abstract
To date, countless satellite image fusions have been made, mainly with panchromatic spatial resolution to a multispectral image ratio of 1/4, fewer fusions with lower ratios, and relatively recently fusions with much higher spatial resolution ratios have been published. Apart from this, there is a small number of publications studying the fusion of aerial photographs with satellite images, with the year of image acquisition varying and the dates of acquisition not mentioned. In addition, in these publications, either no quantitative controls are performed on the composite images produced, or the aerial photographs are recent and colorful and only the RGB bands of the satellite images are used for data fusion purposes. The objective of this paper is the study of the addition of multispectral information from satellite images to black and white aerial photographs of the 2nd half of the 20th century (1950–1999) with small difference (just a few days) in their image acquisition date, the same year and season. Quantitative tests are performed in two case studies and the results are encouraging, as the accuracy of the classification of the features and objects of the Earth’s surface is improved and the automatic digital extraction of their form and shape from the archived aerial photographs is now allowed. This opens up a new field of use for the black and white aerial photographs and archived multispectral satellite images of the same period in a variety of applications, such as the temporal changes of cities, forests and archaeological sites.
Highlights
Data fusion is the result of using two or more images and incorporating their content information in order for the new composite image to contain more information than can be originally captured by the sensors
Either quantitative controls are not performed on these tests [17], or the aerial photographs are recent and colorful [18], or only the RGB bands are used for satellite image fusion [19]
No new technique for image composition is presented in the paper, but for the first time in international literature, the addition of multispectral information from satellite images to b/w aerial photographs with small difference in their image acquisition date, the same year and season is presented
Summary
Data fusion is the result of using two or more images and incorporating their content information in order for the new composite image to contain more information than can be originally captured by the sensors. Image synthesis methods and techniques are used to create a high spatial resolution image that attempts to maintain the spectral information of the lower spatial resolution original data. Satellite imagery providers have supplied or supply multispectral (MS) images with spatial resolution four times lower than panchromatic (PAN) Numerous data fusion images have been used so far with these ratios (1/4) of spatial resolution [9,10,11] Some wider areas of application are cartography, environment, urban planning, town planning, etc. [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8].
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