Abstract
Origin traceability is important for controlling the effect of Chinese medicinal materials and Chinese patent medicines. Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis is widely distributed and well-known all over the world. In our study, two spectroscopic techniques (Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) and near-infrared (NIR)) were applied for the geographical origin traceability of 196 wild P. yunnanensis samples combined with low-, mid-, and high-level data fusion strategies. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest (RF) were used to establish classification models. Feature variables extraction (principal component analysis—PCA) and important variables selection models (recursive feature elimination and Boruta) were applied for geographical origin traceability, while the classification ability of models with the former model is better than with the latter. FT-MIR spectra are considered to contribute more than NIR spectra. Besides, the result of high-level data fusion based on principal components (PCs) feature variables extraction is satisfactory with an accuracy of 100%. Hence, data fusion of FT-MIR and NIR signals can effectively identify the geographical origin of wild P. yunnanensis.
Highlights
The rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand. -Mazz (P. yunnanensis) and P.polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara (P. chinensis), named as “chonglou” in Chinese, is a renowned and traditional herb with a history of thousands of years in China and plants belong to Paris genus, Liliaceae family
It is crucial to the traceable geographical origin of wild P. yunnanensis samples to ensure effective medicinal values, which helps to ensure the effectiveness of the medication
The region of 1300 to 650 cm−1 was the fingerprint region, which greatly contained C–O stretching vibration, C–C stretching vibration, C–OH bending vibration mode, as well as sugar skeleton vibration [27,28]. For all above these useful regions, Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectra can be divided into five distinct ranges, including 3700 to 2000, 1800 to 1500, 1500 to 1200, 1200 to 900, and 900 to 650 cm−1 [29]
Summary
The rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand. -Mazz (P. yunnanensis) and P.polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara (P. chinensis), named as “chonglou” in Chinese, is a renowned and traditional herb with a history of thousands of years in China and plants belong to Paris genus, Liliaceae family. Chinensis (Franch.) Hara (P. chinensis), named as “chonglou” in Chinese, is a renowned and traditional herb with a history of thousands of years in China and plants belong to Paris genus, Liliaceae family. As an ancient history ethnobotanical medicinal plant, it is used to treat snake bite and insect sting, innominate toxin swelling, and a variety of inflammatory and traumatic in the folk in China. Our previous studies have shown that there are significant differences in the content of wild P. yunnanensis samples from different geographical sources, and the saponin content in southern Yunnan is relatively higher than other regions [9,10]. It is crucial to the traceable geographical origin of wild P. yunnanensis samples to ensure effective medicinal values, which helps to ensure the effectiveness of the medication
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