Abstract
The subduction zone megathrust earthquake that struck offshore of Tohoku, Japan, in 2011 was so strong that it shifted the tilt of the Earth's axis and moved the island of Japan itself four meters. This earthquake puzzles scientists in part because the hypocenter—where the earthquake originated, deep below the epicenter—occurred on a fault previously thought to be inactive. The lack of data about the rock surrounding the hypocenter makes it hard for scientists to pinpoint specific details about how the earthquake was triggered and propagated.
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