Data from TAS0313 plus Pembrolizumab for Post-Chemotherapy Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor—Naïve Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma

Abstract

<div>Abstract<p>We evaluated the efficacy and safety of TAS0313, a multi-epitope long peptide vaccine, plus pembrolizumab in post-chemotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitor—naïve patients with locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC). TAS0313 9 mg was administered subcutaneously followed by pembrolizumab 200 mg on Day 1, and as monotherapy on Day 8 and 15 of Cycles 1 and 2, and Day 1 of subsequent cycles in 21-day cycles. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Biomarkers of response were assessed. In 36 patients enrolled, the ORR was 33.3% (complete response: 7 patients; partial response: 5 patients). Median PFS was 5.0 months; 6- and 12-month progression-free rates were 46.4% and 36.5%, respectively. Median OS was not reached; 6-, 12-, and 24-month OS rates were 83.3%, 72.2%, and 55.1%, respectively. In <i>post hoc</i> analysis, patients with a tumor infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> lymphocyte (CD8<sup>+</sup> TIL) count ≥99 and/or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) ≥50 and lymphocyte count >1,380 cells/μL had higher ORRs and prolonged PFS versus patients with a CD8<sup>+</sup> TIL count <99, PD-L1 CPS <50, and lymphocyte count ≤1,380 cells/μL. Thirty-four (94.4%) patients receiving combination therapy experienced treatment-related adverse events (AE), with pyrexia (<i>n</i> = 15, 41.7%), injection-site reactions (<i>n</i> = 15, 41.7%), injection-site induration (<i>n</i> = 6, 16.7%), and malaise (<i>n</i> = 6, 16.7%) the most common. No grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs occurred in ≥10% of patients. TAS0313 plus pembrolizumab combination therapy showed promising efficacy and manageable safety in la/mUC.</p><p><b>Clinical Trial Registration:</b> JapicCTI-183824.</p></div>