Data from Selective Disruption of Rb–Raf-1 Kinase Interaction Inhibits Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Growth Irrespective of Gemcitabine Sensitivity

Abstract

<div>Abstract<p>Inactivation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor protein is widespread in human cancers. Inactivation of Rb is thought to be initiated by association with Raf-1 (C-Raf) kinase, and here we determined how RRD-251, a disruptor of the Rb–Raf-1 interaction, affects pancreatic tumor progression. Assessment of phospho-Rb levels in resected human pancreatic tumor specimens by immunohistochemistry (<i>n</i> = 95) showed that increased Rb phosphorylation correlated with increasing grade of resected human pancreatic adenocarcinomas (<i>P</i> = 0.0272), which correlated with reduced overall patient survival (<i>P</i> = 0.0186). To define the antitumor effects of RRD-251 (50 μmol/L), cell-cycle analyses, senescence, cell viability, cell migration, anchorage-independent growth, angiogenic tubule formation and invasion assays were conducted on gemcitabine-sensitive and -resistant pancreatic cancer cells. RRD-251 prevented S-phase entry, induced senescence and apoptosis, and inhibited anchorage-independent growth and invasion (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Drug efficacy on subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models was tested by intraperitoneal injections of RRD-251 (50 mg/kg) alone or in combination with gemcitabine (250 mg/kg). RRD-251 significantly reduced tumor growth <i>in vivo</i> accompanied by reduced Rb phosphorylation and lymph node and liver metastasis (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Combination of RRD-251 with gemcitabine showed cooperative effect on tumor growth (<i>P</i> < 0.01). In conclusion, disruption of the Rb–Raf-1 interaction significantly reduces the malignant properties of pancreatic cancer cells irrespective of their gemcitabine sensitivity. Selective targeting of Rb–Raf-1 interaction might be a promising strategy targeting pancreatic cancer. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 12(12); 2722–34. ©2013 AACR</i>.</p></div>