Data from NKG2D Controls Natural Reactivity of Vγ9Vδ2 T Lymphocytes against Mesenchymal Glioblastoma Cells

Abstract

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>Cellular immunotherapies are currently being explored to eliminate highly invasive and chemoradioresistant glioblastoma (GBM) cells involved in rapid relapse. We recently showed that concomitant stereotactic injections of nonalloreactive allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes eradicate zoledronate-primed human GBM cells. In the present study, we investigated the spontaneous reactivity of allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes toward primary human GBM cells, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, in the absence of any prior sensitization.</p>Experimental Design:<p>Through functional and transcriptomic analyses, we extensively characterized the immunoreactivity of human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes against various primary GBM cultures directly derived from patient tumors.</p>Results:<p>We evidenced that GBM cells displaying a mesenchymal signature are spontaneously eliminated by allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes, a reactivity process being mediated by γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) and tightly regulated by cellular stress–associated NKG2D pathway. This led to the identification of highly reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocyte populations, independently of a specific TCR repertoire signature. Moreover, we finally provide evidence of immunotherapeutic efficacy <i>in vivo</i>, in the absence of any prior tumor cell sensitization.</p>Conclusions:<p>By identifying pathways implicated in the selective natural recognition of mesenchymal GBM cell subtypes, accounting for 30% of primary diagnosed and 60% of recurrent GBM, our results pave the way for novel targeted cellular immunotherapies.</p></div>