Abstract
<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>Identification of novel strategies to expand the use of PARP inhibitors beyond BRCA deficiency is of great interest in personalized medicine. Here, we investigated the unannotated role of Kub5-Hera<sup>RPRD1B</sup> (K-H) in homologous recombination (HR) repair and its potential clinical significance in targeted cancer therapy.</p>Experimental Design:<p>Functional characterization of K-H alterations on HR repair of double-strand breaks (DSB) were assessed by targeted gene silencing, plasmid reporter assays, immunofluorescence, and Western blots. Cell survival with PARP inhibitors was evaluated through colony-forming assays and statistically analyzed for correlation with K-H expression in various <i>BRCA1/2</i> nonmutated breast cancers. Gene expression microarray/qPCR analyses, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and rescue experiments were used to investigate molecular mechanisms of action.</p>Results:<p>K-H expression loss correlates with rucaparib LD<sub>50</sub> values in a panel of <i>BRCA1/2</i> nonmutated breast cancers. Mechanistically, K-H depletion promotes <i>BRCAness</i>, where extensive upregulation of PARP1 activity was required for the survival of breast cancer cells. PARP inhibition in these cells led to synthetic lethality that was rescued by wild-type K-H reexpression, but not by a mutant K-H (p.R106A) that weakly binds RNAPII. K-H mediates HR by facilitating recruitment of RNAPII to the promoter region of a critical DNA damage response and repair effector, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (<i>CDK1</i>).</p>Conclusions:<p>Cancer cells with low K-H expression may have exploitable <i>BRCAness</i> properties that greatly expand the use of PARP inhibitors beyond BRCA mutations. Our results suggest that aberrant K-H alterations may have vital translational implications in cellular responses/survival to DNA damage, carcinogenesis, and personalized medicine.</p></div>
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