Data from Inhibition of the FACT Complex Targets Aberrant Hedgehog Signaling and Overcomes Resistance to Smoothened Antagonists

Abstract

<div>Abstract<p>Hedgehog signaling is aberrantly activated in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, and targeting it is a promising therapeutic strategy against these cancers. Resistance to clinically available hedgehog-targeted Smoothened inhibitor (SMOi) drugs has become a critical issue in hedgehog-driven cancer treatment. Our previous studies identified inhibition of BET and CDK7 as two epigenetic/transcriptional-targeted therapeutic strategies for overcoming SMOi resistance, providing a promising direction for anti-hedgehog drug development. To uncover additional strategies for inhibiting aberrant hedgehog activity, here we performed CRISPR-Cas9 screening with an single-guide RNA library targeting epigenetic and transcriptional modulators in hedgehog-driven medulloblastoma cells, combined with tumor dataset analyses. Structure specific recognition protein 1 (SSRP1), a subunit of facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) complex, was identified as a hedgehog-induced essential oncogene and therapeutic target in hedgehog-driven cancer. The FACT inhibitor CBL0137, which has entered clinical trials for cancer, effectively suppressed <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> growth of multiple SMOi-responsive and SMOi-resistant hedgehog-driven cancer models. Mechanistically, CBL0137 exerted anti-hedgehog activity by targeting transcription of <i>GLI1</i> and <i>GLI2</i>, which are core transcription factors of the hedgehog pathway. SSRP1 bound the promoter regions of <i>GLI1</i> and <i>GLI2</i>, while CBL0137 treatment substantially disrupted these interactions. Moreover, CBL0137 synergized with BET or CDK7 inhibitors to antagonize aberrant hedgehog pathway and growth of hedgehog-driven cancer models. Taken together, these results identify FACT inhibition as a promising epigenetic/transcriptional-targeted therapeutic strategy for treating hedgehog-driven cancers and overcoming SMOi resistance.</p>Significance:<p>This study identifies FACT inhibition as an anti-hedgehog therapeutic strategy for overcoming resistance to Smoothened inhibitors and provides preclinical support for initiating clinical trials of FACT-targeted drug CBL0137 against hedgehog-driven cancers.</p></div>