Data from Enhanced Detection of Landmark Minimal Residual Disease in Lung Cancer using Cell-Free DNA Fragmentomics

Abstract

<div>Abstract<p>Currently, ~30–55% of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients develop recurrence due to minimal residual disease (MRD) after receiving surgical resection of the tumor. This study aims to develop an ultra-sensitive and affordable fragmentomic assay for MRD detection in NSCLC patients. A total of 87 NSCLC patients, who received curative surgical resections (23 patients relapsed during follow-up), enrolled in this study. A total of 163 plasma samples, collected at 7 days and 6 months postsurgical, were used for both whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and targeted sequencing. WGS-based cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragment profile was used to fit regularized cox regression models, and leave-one-out cross-validation was further used to evaluate models' performance. The models showed excellent performances in detecting patients with a high risk of recurrence. At 7 days postsurgical, the high-risk patients detected by our model showed an increased risk of 4.6 times, while the risk increased to 8.3 times at 6 months post-surgical. These fragmentomics determined higher risk compared to the targeted sequencing based circulating mutations both at 7 days and 6 months postsurgical. The overall sensitivity for detecting patients with recurrence reached 78.3% while using both fragmentomics and mutation results from 7 days and 6 months postsurgical, which increased from the 43.5% sensitivity by using only the circulating mutations. The fragmentomics showed great sensitivity in predicting patient recurrence compared to the traditional circulating mutation, especially after the surgery for early-stage NSCLC, therefore exhibiting great potential to guide adjuvant therapeutics.</p></div>