Data economy: legal and ethical aspect

Abstract

The article formulates the ethical issues of the data economy and outlines the problems of data ethics research. The concept of digital and gig economy was analyzed and the concept of data economy was formulated. The concept of “information sovereignty” was studied in the context of the problem of personal data protection. GDPR and DGA regulations were analyzed and the dynamic attribute of data was established. The legal uncertainty of the regime of personal and non-personal metadata under these acts is demonstrated on the example of specific data sets. Scientific approaches to determining the price of data have been studied From an economic perspective, the value of data collection and processing depends on the volume, quality, timeliness and completeness of the data. Unit data cannot be considered in the economic sense as a unit of value, since it is not a scarce resource and does not reflect a constant value (price) at a certain point in time. From a legal point of view, an object of law (information resource, information service, personal data, industrial sets of non-personal data, open data, metadata, big data) can have an economic value, even taking into account the immaterial and dynamic attribute of data.