Abstract
As the penetration of intermittent renewable energy increases and unexpected market behaviors continue to occur, new challenges arise for system operators to ensure cost effectiveness while maintaining system reliability under uncertainties. To systematically address these uncertainties and challenges, innovative advanced methods and approaches are needed. Motivated by these, in this paper, we consider an energy integrated system with renewable energy and pumped-storage units involved. In addition, we propose a data-driven risk-averse two-stage stochastic model that considers the features of forbidden zones and dynamic ramping rate limits. This model minimizes the total cost against the worst-case distribution in the confidence set built for an unknown distribution and constructed based on data. Our numerical experiments show how pumped-storage units contribute to the system, how inclusions of the aforementioned two features improve the reliability of the system, and how our proposed data-driven model converges to a risk-neutral model with historical data.
Highlights
In the past several years, renewable energy, and in particular, wind power, has maintained an increasing penetration in the power system
We aim to study how the pumped-storage units improve the operation of the system, show the effectiveness of our proposed data-driven risk-averse stochastic model in optimizing the operation of the system under uncertainty and present the reliability of the system when forbidden zones and dynamic ramping rate limits are included
We propose a data-driven risk-averse two-stage stochastic model with forbidden zones and dynamic ramping rate limits
Summary
In the past several years, renewable energy, and in particular, wind power, has maintained an increasing penetration in the power system. More than 33% of the total electricity consumption served by the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) are provided from renewable energy resources [1]. Due to the usually intermittent nature of wind power, the high penetration of such a renewable energy source fluctuates, leading to a fluctuation in power generation, which involves sophisticated power system operation and creates difficulties for the system to schedule power generation [2]. Pumped-storage units are outstanding representatives of power storage devices that can offset the impacts of the aforementioned properties of renewable energy by transferring energy from low-use periods to peak-use periods [4]. Energy systems that integrate thermal generators, wind farms and pumped-storage units are becoming a popular research subject, and we refer to this kind of power system as an energy integrated system
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