Abstract
Transport agencies require accurate and updated information about public transport systems for the optimal decision-making processes regarding design and operation. In addition to assessing topology and service components, users’ behaviors must be considered. To this end, a data-driven performance evaluation based on passengers’ actual routes is key. Automatic fare collection platforms provide meaningful smart card data (SCD), but these are incomplete when gathered by entry-only systems. To obtain origin–destination (OD) matrices, we must manage complete journeys. In this paper, we use an adapted trip chaining method to reconstruct incomplete multi-modal journeys by finding spatial similarities between the outbound and inbound routes of the same user. From this dataset, we develop a performance evaluation framework that provides novel metrics and visualization utilities. First, we generate a space-time characterization of the overall operation of transport networks. Second, we supply enhanced OD matrices showing mobility patterns between zones and average traversed distances, travel times, and operation speeds, which model the real efficacy of the public transport system. We applied this framework to the Comunidad de Madrid (Spain), using 4 months’ worth of real SCD, showing its potential to generate meaningful information about the performance of multi-modal public transport systems.
Highlights
Received: 12 November 2021The design and operation of a public transport system involves high levels of complexity as it must convey a wide range of perspectives involving, among others, economic investments, service provision, and land use
OD matrices; Section 3 defines a multi-modal journey as the basic information to construct the performance evaluation framework and presents the methodology we followed to create the dataset of individual OD matrices; Section 4 presents the performance evaluation framework and the set of performance metrics it encompasses; and Section 5 discusses relevant issues associated with the calculations and indicates the further research to be carried out in this field
We develop a performance evaluation framework for multi-modal public transport systems
Summary
The design and operation of a public transport system involves high levels of complexity as it must convey a wide range of perspectives involving, among others, economic investments, service provision, and land use. Smart cards were originally thought as a simple, agile, efficient, and accurate method of payment They provided a higher flexibility with regard to tariffs, improved user experience by reducing waiting times, and decreased the workload on public transport staff. The classical approach to this problem consists of linking journeys following the trip chaining model [5], a simple and effective way of creating an OD dataset that represents travelers’ behaviors in real public transport systems. We will adopt this same approach, including an extension to it that incorporates specific features of multi-modal mobility, to exploit the spatial similarity observed in outbound and inbound journeys of the same passenger. OD matrices; Section 3 defines a multi-modal journey as the basic information to construct the performance evaluation framework and presents the methodology we followed to create the dataset of individual OD matrices; Section 4 presents the performance evaluation framework and the set of performance metrics it encompasses; and Section 5 discusses relevant issues associated with the calculations and indicates the further research to be carried out in this field
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