Abstract

Data-driven nonparametric Li-ion battery ageing model aiming at learning from real operation data - Part B: Cycling operation

Highlights

  • Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technology has gained a significant market share as the principal energy storage solution for many industrial applications, mainly due to its high energy efficiency and high specific energy and power [1,2]

  • This study extends the secondary contributions presented in the first paper of the series to the cycle ageing use-case: i) The quantification of the minimal number of laboratory tests required for the design of an accurate cycle ageing model for a broad operating window. ii) The validation of the proposed ageing model with an extensive experimental ageing dataset, involving 122 cells tested during more than three years at static conditions, and 2 additional cells tested at dynamic operating conditions. iii) The sensitivity analysis of the capacity loss with respect to the different stress-factors, from the point of view of the developed model

  • The second metric was defined as the root-meansquare error (RMSE) of the predicted capacity curve:

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Summary

Introduction

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technology has gained a significant market share as the principal energy storage solution for many industrial applications, mainly due to its high energy efficiency and high specific energy and power [1,2]. These gaps strongly limit the accuracy and applicability of the models within the context of real deployment In this sense, investigation in data-driven Li-ion ageing models should be more focussed on the implementation or discovery of features presenting strong predictive capabilities (as suggested in [6]), as well as the deeper validation of the developed models under broad operating conditions. The present study aims to extend existing research by integrating the following main contributions: i) The development of a generic data-driven cycle ageing model, able to perform accurate capacity loss predictions for a broad range of cycling conditions, and usable for a large diversity of Li-ion battery applications. Both sections aim to illustrate the ability of the GP model to learn from new data observation.

Experimental cycle ageing data
Experimental ageing tests at static operating conditions
Experimental ageing tests at dynamic operating conditions
Data preprocessing and evaluation of the resulting data
Gaussian process theory
Assumptions and input selection
Kernel construction
Learning from static operating conditions
Evaluation metrics
Training case studies to illustrate the learning of new operating conditions
Prediction results
Learning from dynamic operating conditions
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