Data-driven determination of zooplankton bioregions and robustness analysis

Abstract

Identifying biogeographic regions through cluster analysis of species distribution data is a common method for partitioning ecosystems. Selecting the appropriate cluster analysis method requires a comparison of multiple algorithms. In this study, we demonstrate a data-driven process to select a method for bioregionalization based on community data and test its robustness to data variability following these steps:•We aggregated and curated zooplankton community observations from expeditions in the Northeast Pacific.•We determined the best bioregionalization approach by comparing nine cluster analysis methods using ten goodness of clustering indices.•We evaluated the robustness of the bioregionalization to different sources of sampling and taxonomic variability by comparing the bioregionalization of the overall dataset with bioregionalizations of subsets of the data.The K-means clustering of the log-chord transformed abundance was selected as the optimal method for bioregionalization of the zooplankton dataset. This clustering resulted in the emergence of four bioregions along the cross-shelf gradient: the Offshore, Deep Shelf, Nearshore, and Deep Fjord bioregions. The robustness analyses demonstrated that the bioregionalization was consistent despite variability in the spatial and temporal frequency of sampling, sampling methodology, and taxonomic coverage.