Abstract
Battery energy storage system (BESS) is an important component of a modern power system since it allows seamless integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the grid. A BESS is vulnerable to various cyber threats that may influence its proper operation, which in turn impacts negatively the BESS and the electric grid. The potential failure of a BESS can cause economic issues and physical damage to its components. To ensure cyber-secure and reliable BESS operation in grid-connected or islanded modes of the BESS operation, a cyber-defense strategy is needed. However, a comprehensive review on the requirements for the BESS design as well as the attack detection and mitigation methods is lacking. In this paper, we review state-of-the-art attack detection and mitigation methods for various BESS applications focusing on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods. In addition, the state-of-the-art methods for designing and operating a cyber-secure BESS are investigated. Based on the literature review, we identified gaps in the current research, defined the possible cyberattacks against the BESS that have not been considered before, and suggested the potential approaches to detect them.
Highlights
Nowadays, the battery energy storage system (BESS) has become an important component of the electric grid [1]
We review state-of-the-art attack detection and mitigation methods for various Battery energy storage system (BESS) applications focusing on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods
There can be a combination of reasons for the anomaly, such as the difference between batteries’ features due to lot-to-lot variation together with the cyberattack that may increase the complexity of forecast to BESS is becoming an important part of power systems, and cyber security of BESS has to be provided in both design and operation stages
Summary
The battery energy storage system (BESS) has become an important component of the electric grid [1]. A BESS is vulnerable to various cyber threats [6] Since it is con nected to the electric grid, cyberattacks against the smart grid might jeopardize the work of the BESS and system in general. It is important to take into account all BESS components in order to provide a reliable defensive strategy that includes detecting false data injection attack (FDIA) against sensing data, battery, and grid state estimation (SE), protecting sensing units and communication channels. The paper provides a comprehen sive overview of BESS cyber threats, both for design and operation stages. This work focuses on the techniques proposed for cyber-secure BESS design as well as online attack detection and mitigation methods in the operation stage.
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