Data and Text Mining Help Identify Key Proteins Involved in the Molecular Mechanisms Shared by SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1.

Olga Tarasova,Olga Tarasova,Vladimir Poroikov,Vladimir Poroikov,Sergey Ivanov,Sergey Ivanov,Sergey Ivanov,Dmitry A Filimonov

doi:10.3390/molecules25122944

Abstract

Viruses can be spread from one person to another; therefore, they may cause disorders in many people, sometimes leading to epidemics and even pandemics. New, previously unstudied viruses and some specific mutant or recombinant variants of known viruses constantly appear. An example is a variant of coronaviruses (CoV) causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), named SARS-CoV-2. Some antiviral drugs, such as remdesivir as well as antiretroviral drugs including darunavir, lopinavir, and ritonavir are suggested to be effective in treating disorders caused by SARS-CoV-2. There are data on the utilization of antiretroviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Since there are many studies aimed at the identification of the molecular mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and the development of novel therapeutic approaches against HIV-1, we used HIV-1 for our case study to identify possible molecular pathways shared by SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1. We applied a text and data mining workflow and identified a list of 46 targets, which can be essential for the development of infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1. We show that SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 share some molecular pathways involved in inflammation, immune response, cell cycle regulation.

Highlights

Studying viruses that infect human beings is vital because viral infections can spread within the global population
We demonstrated the usefulness of text and data mining techniques for finding human proteins involved in similar pathological processes involving well-known and novel viruses
We extracted data for proteins related to the molecular mechanisms that may be essential for the development of the infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and demonstrated the usefulness of such application

Summary

Introduction

Studying viruses that infect human beings is vital because viral infections can spread within the global population. Measles, poliomyelitis, rotavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, and different respiratory viruses, including influenza, parainfluenza, adenoviruses, and coronaviruses, have attacked humanity. Such viruses as HIV-1 earlier or SARS-CoV-2 nowadays cause the socially significant epidemic or even pandemic diseases [1,2]. SARS-CoV-2 causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and leads to diverse complications, being especially dangerous for people with different comorbidities. Starting from the end of January, COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread all over the world and become a source of fear and sorrow for millions of people. The investigation of the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the human body is essential because such information will contribute to the development of effective therapeutic approaches

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