Abstract
DAT1 Gene Methylation as an Epigenetic Biomarker in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Commentary.
Highlights
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental alteration in childhood (Curatolo et al, 2009; Purper-Ouakil et al, 2011) characterized by pervasive and impairing symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which often lead to poor academic performance and impaired social interactions (American Psychiatric Association, 2000)
Clinical diagnosis of ADHD is solely based on structured interviews or on questionnaires; as such, risk of subjectivity in the interpretation of outcomes may give rise to doubts about their diagnostic reliability
Previous studies have shown that the determination of DNA methylation in specific CpG residues within the 5’-UTR region of the DAT1 gene can be used as reliable indicator of ADHD (Giana et al, 2015; Adriani et al, 2018)
Summary
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental alteration in childhood (Curatolo et al, 2009; Purper-Ouakil et al, 2011) characterized by pervasive and impairing symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which often lead to poor academic performance and impaired social interactions (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Despite the abnormal methylation of promoter-specific CpG residues could be considered as a stable signature in complex psychiatric disorders, the association between DNA methylation level and a given disease is quite inconsistent. Both increased and unchanged level of methylation were highlighted in patients with schizophrenia (Bromberg et al, 2008; Carrard et al, 2011). Altered methylation levels were found for six selected CpG sites, for ADHD patients compared to healthy controls. To support this hypothesis, we analyzed the correlation between the subjects’ clinical scores and methylation data. The DNA sequence analyzed in this study is before TSS (where mRNA starts) not including the 5’-UTR
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