Abstract
The type specimens of the Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi) of the Museum of Natural History of Berlin are listed, investigated and discussed. Each taxon is figured with his historical original picture, a lateral view and an x-ray picture. The South American specimens of the families Parodontidae, Curimatidae, Prochilodontidae, Anostomidae, Chilodontidae, Crenuchidae and Hemiodontidae are listed. There are type specimens of 40 taxa of Characiformes of these families. The type specimens of the families Serrasalmidae, Acestrorhynchidae, Erythrinidae and Lebiasinidae will be listed in a third part. The type specimens of South-American Characidae sensu stricto will be investigated and discussed in a forth and fifth part of this publication.
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