Abstract
In this work, we consider the burst signal of the dark photon, the hypothetical vector boson of the $U(1)_B$ or $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge group, generated by a compact binary star system. The absence of the signal in the laser interferometer puts bounds on the coupling constant $\epsilon$ to the ordinary matter. It turns out that if the dark photon is massless, $\epsilon^2$ is on the order of $10^{-37}-10^{-33}$ at most; in the massive case, the upper bound of $\epsilon^2$ is about $10^{-38}-10^{-31}$ in the mass range from $10^{-19}$ eV to $10^{-11}$ eV. These are the first bounds derived from the interferometer observations independent of the assumption of dark photons being dark matter.
Highlights
The excellent precision of the laser interferometer made it possible to detect gravitational waves (GWs) [1–3], and enables the observation of new physics, such as the quantum mechanics of macroscopic objects [4,5]
The dark photon (DP) radiation emitted by orbiting binary stars is computed for the first time
Since no obvious deviations from general relativity (GR)’s prediction have been detected in the GW strain by LIGO/ Virgo, three types of constraints can be applied to the DP model: (1) the effective gravitational constant G0 ≈ G; (2) the orbit of the binary system decays approximately due to the GW emission; and (3) the SNR for the DP signal should be small
Summary
The excellent precision of the laser interferometer made it possible to detect gravitational waves (GWs) [1–3], and enables the observation of new physics, such as the quantum mechanics of macroscopic objects [4,5]. One of the possibilities is the dark photon (DP), which is the gauge boson associated with Uð1ÞB or Uð1ÞB−L, and whose mass mγ0 can be generated via the Stüeckelberg mechanism [6] Since ordinary matter, such as the mirrors in interferometers, usually are charged under these groups, they can be accelerated by DPs. interferometers are capable of detecting DPs. In Refs. U bosons can be made massive via the Higgs mechanism, assuming there exists one extra Higgs boson which is singlet under the standard model gauge transformation but charged under the new Uð1Þ This new Uð1Þ charge is generally proportional to a linear combination of the baryon and lepton numbers for the electrically charged neutral object, and within Grand Unification, the charge is proportional to B − L.
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