Abstract

Do banks enable organized crime? Does bank regulation insulate financial intermediation from criminal activity? I address these questions using evidence from the drug trade in Mexico, finding that local drug cartel activity causes an increase in bank deposits. Branch networks grow in affected areas; this growth is not driven by increased lending opportunities. Post-election of a law-and-order government, effects attenuate, with liquidity flowing into branches of U.S. banks along the border. I interpret this as evidence that finance follows crime in weak institutional environments, and that, absent transnational policy coordination, regulatory arbitrage via cross-border liquidity flows undermines banking regulation.

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