Darcy–Forchheimer flow of power-law (Ostwald-de Waele type) nanofluid over an inclined plate with thermal radiation and activation energy: an irreversibility analysis

Abstract

Darcy–Forchheimer flow model is substantial in the fields where high flow rate effect is a common phenomenon, for instance, in petroleum engineering. Power law is used to describe fluid behaviour, permit mathematical predictions and correlate experimental data. In technical devices and the natural world, boundary layer flows near an inclined plate are common. Bluff bodies have gained attention because of their various industrial uses, such as electroplating, chemical processing of heavy metals, ash or scrubber waste treatment, and so forth. The objective of this paper is how activation energy and thermal radiation effect the characteristics of Ostwald-De Waele nanofluid flow over a convectively heated inclined plate. Furthermore, irreversibility analysis is provided in this paper. Equations that characterize the current problem are turned into a set of ordinary differential equations, which are then solved with the assistance of bvp4c solver in MATLAB. Multiple linear regression is used to explain physical parameters of interest including the Sherwood number. Major findings of this study are that the increase in entropy production is observed in the fluid flow with increasing Brinkmann number and the fluid’s velocity reduces linearly with increasing Forchheimer number. Furthermore, Outcomes of this study are compared with earlier results and found to be worthy.