Abstract
The inhabitants of this area depend solely on contact springs as supply source of potable water. However, provision of potable water to meet the needs of the people still remains an unsolved problem. Therefore, this paper attempts to solve this problem by using Dar Zarrouk (D-Z) Parameters; Total Transverse Unit Resistance, T (Ωm2) and Total Longitudinal Unit Conductance, S (Ω-1) to suggest optimal locations for drilling of boreholes in the study area. To attain this purpose, 50 Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) curves with maximum current electrode spacing of AB/2 = 681 m were interpreted. Thus, the aquifer parameters information estimated from the (VES) curves were used to prepare contour maps of T (Ωm2), S (Ω-1), aquifer thickness h (m), aquifer resistivity ρ (Ωm), and Water Table Depth (WTD). For effective use of these parameters, iso-thickness and iso-resistivity maps were compared with contour map of transverse resistance. The good agreement between these parameters provided the basis for identification of prolific aquiferous zones. It was observed that the Southern part of the study area majorly underlain by the Afikpo Sandstone of Nkporo Formation (Campanian-Maastrichtian), relatively showed higher T (Ωm2), h (m), and ρ (Ωm) values, which implies high yield aquiferous zones. The relatively loose structure of this sandstone unit, coarse grains, and sorting enables it to be porous and permeable. The Northern part of the region which shows low values for T (Ωm2), h (m), and ρ (Ωm) suggests low productivity for the aquiferous zones. The paucity of water in this parts of the study area can be explained to be as a result of the dominant geology. The high S, values at the Uburu and Okposi locations in this region suggests the presence of saline aquifer. This study would be relevant to the development of effective ground water scheme and for future hydrogeological investigations in the area.
Highlights
The continuous growth of population and development projects in the area has contributed to the indiscriminate existence of failed boreholes and dry wells which pose great concern to the people of the region
Based on the transmissivity and transverse resistance maps, they were able to identify zones where the aquifer was productive. [4] exploited Dar Zarrouk (D-Z) parameters to differentiate between fresh and saline groundwater aquifers of Sinjar Plain area and the results showed that the distribution of the D-Z parameters and other geoelectric parameters gave insight into the occurrence and distribution of saline and fresh water aquifers in the study area
The results showed a direct relation between aquifer transmissivity and transverse resistance
Summary
The continuous growth of population and development projects in the area has contributed to the indiscriminate existence of failed boreholes and dry wells which pose great concern to the people of the region. Most often, susceptible to drought especially in dry weather conditions (dry season); many others go dry soon after well completion, while some do not show any sign of water presence even after drilling at greater depths This challenge of groundwater supply could be attributed to the difficulty in visualizing the occurrence and movement of groundwater by water borehole drillers in the area, since groundwater is normally hidden from view. As a consequence, this complexity adversely affects the ability to understand and to deal effectively with groundwater related problems. The aim of this study is to use Dar Zarrouk parameters; Transverse Resistance (Ωm2), and Longitudinal Conductance (Ω−1) to estimate optimal well locations
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