Abstract
Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS), also called Toki-shakuyaku-san (TJ-23) or Dangguijakyak-san (DJS), is a well-known herbal formula (Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Paeonia lactiflora pall., Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, Alisma orientalis (Sam.) Juzep., Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.), which has been widely used in oriental countries for the treatment of various gynecological diseases. Recent studies show that DSS has an effect on free radical-mediated neurological diseases and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and reduces cell apoptosis in the hippocampus. In addition, DSS mediates the modulation of central monoamine neurotransmitter systems and ameliorates dysfunction of the central cholinergic nervous system and scopolamine-induced decrease in ACh levels. DSS improves the function of the dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic nervous systems. Interestingly, DSS can alleviate cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, suggesting that it is a useful therapeutic agent for AD. This paper reviews the mechanism of DSS for the treatment of AD.
Highlights
Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS), called Tokishakuyaku-san (TJ-23) or Dangguijakyak-san (DJS), is a famous herbal formula composed of the following 6 raw herbs: Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Umbelliferae), Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeoniaceae), Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae), Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Polyporaceae), Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (Compositae), and Alisma orientalis (Sam.) Juzep. (Alismataceae), which has been widely used in the treatment of various gynecological diseases
Analysis by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS revealed that DSS contains ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, monoterpene glycosides, phenolic acids, phathalides, sesquiterpenoids and triterpenes, gallic acid, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, senkyunolide I, coniferyI ferulate, senkyunolide A, 3-butylphthalide, Z-butylidenphthalide, atractylcnolide II, atractylcnolide I, levistolide A, and etc [1]
Danggui-Shaoyao-San for Alzheimer's Disease prevents the reduction of dopamine (DA) metabolites, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) in olfactory-bulb-lesioned mice [46]
Summary
Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS), called Tokishakuyaku-san (TJ-23) or Dangguijakyak-san (DJS), is a famous herbal formula composed of the following 6 raw herbs: Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Umbelliferae), Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeoniaceae), Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae), Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Polyporaceae), Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (Compositae), and Alisma orientalis (Sam.) Juzep. (Alismataceae), which has been widely used in the treatment of various gynecological diseases. DSS has an effect on free radical-mediated neurological diseases, possesses antioxidant capability, attenuates inflammatory reaction, and reduces cell apoptosis in the hippocampus. By ameliorating oxidative stressinduced neuronal apoptosis, DSS has neuroprotective effects in D-gal-induced senescent mice [5]. DSS mediates the modulation of central monoamine neurotransmitter systems and ameliorates dysfunction of the central cholinergic nervous system [6]. DSS has been shown to improve memory impairment and acetylcholine and norepinephrine in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus [47]. In recent years, DSS has pharmacological basis on memory dysfunction, modulating metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters, protecting the ultrastructure of the cortex changed by aging [41], and increasing the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) [55]. Restores the abnormal activities NOS and levels of CP, MDA, GSH and NO induced by D-gal [5]
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