Abstract
Increased sea surface temperatures due to global warming that occurred from the early to mid 2016 caused of coral bleaching in several locations in TWP Gili Matra. Observations of coral bleaching obtained from coral colonies compotition affected by bleaching (50%), white (18%), death (1%) and was not affected (31%). These implications resulting decline in coral cover but not significant (F (1,013) = 0.333, p > 0.05) from 23,43% ± 2,61 SE in 2012 to 18,48% ± 4,14 SE in 2016 and a significant decrease (P (58,06) = 3,8e -06 ) recruitment of coral (coral Juvenil) from 6,66 ind.m -1 ± 1,04 SE in 2012 to 1,41 ind.m -1 ± 0,16 SE in 2016. the other impact is a significant reduction (P (20.84) = 0,00053, p <0,001) the abundance of reef fish from 28.733,26 ind.ha -1 ± 3.757,89 SE in 2012 to 11.431,18 ind.ha -1 ± 702,53 SE in 2016 and a decline in the biomass of reef fish but not significant (F (0,58) = 0,46, P> 0.05) from 506,56 kg.ha -1 ± 99,05 SE in 2012 to 438,41 kg.ha -1 ± 45,69 SE in 2016. The decline of coral recruitment resulted in the recovery of the affected areas bleaching becomes slow because of the juvenile new coral mostly dead. The second impact of bleaching is an abundance of fish decrease, indicating that is available only fish big size (adult) and very less of small fishes, including juvenile. Keywords: global warming, coral bleaching, coral cover, reef fishes
Highlights
Increased sea surface temperatures due to global warming that occurred from the early to mid 2016 caused of coral bleaching in several locations in TWP Gili Matra
Beberapa lokasi mengalami penurunan tutupan karang antara tahun 2012 dengan 2016 yaitu Bongkas Reef (41,5% menjadi 8.5%), Corner Reef (10,67% menjadi 3%), Hans Reef (15% menjadi 7,83%), Gazebo reef (14,83% menjadi 8%), Romantic Reef (42,67% menjadi 19,17%), Good Heart (6,67% menjadi 2,83%), Sunset reef (28,5% menjadi 22%) dan Trawangan Slope (61,5% menjadi 31,17%) namun beberapa lokasi justru mengalami peningkatan seperti Meno Wall (18,67% menjadi 46%), Shark Point (20% menjadi 22,33%), Bat Sire (9,33% menjadi 9,83%), Tanjung Sire (23,5% menjadi 36%), Teluk Medane (26,67% menjadi 28,17%) dan Ujung Sire (7,67% menjadi 20 %)
Panduan Teknis Pemantauan Ekosistem Terumbu Karang, Padang Lamun dan Mangrove
Summary
Survei ekologi dilakukan di Taman Wisata Perairan Gili Matra (80 20’ – 80 23’ LS ; 1160 00’ – 1160 08’ BT), Kab. Lombok Utara. Studi kali ini dilakukan Juli 2012 (sebelum terjadinya bleaching) dan Agustus 2016 (saat terjadi bleaching) pada 14 lokasi pengamatan (10 titik di TWP Gili Matra dan 4 titik di mainland sebagai kontrol). Khusus pengambilan data coral bleaching dilakukan pada bulan Mey 2016 (saat suhu permukaan laut paling tinggi) sebanyak 6 titik pengamatan yang mewakili kesemua lokasi baik itu di Gili air, Meno, Trawangan maupun mainland. Peta Lokasi Penelitian di Taman Wisata Perairan Gili Matra
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