Abstract
The detection of damage in bridges subjected to moving loads has attracted increasing attention in the field of structural health monitoring. Processing the dynamic responses induced by moving loads to characterize damage is the key to identifying damage in bridges. On this topic, various methods of processing dynamic responses to moving loads have been developed in recent decades, with respective strengths and weaknesses. These methods appear in different applications and literatures and their features have not been comprehensively surveyed to form a profile of this special area. To address this issue, this study presents a comprehensive survey of methods for identifying damage by processing dynamic responses of cracked bridges subjected to moving loads. First, methods utilizing the Fourier transform to process dynamic responses to moving loads for damage detection in bridges are examined. Second, methods using wavelet transform to process the dynamic responses to moving loads for damage characterization are examined. Third, methods of employing the Hilbert-Huang transform to process the dynamic responses to moving loads for damage identification are examined. Fourth, methods of dynamic response-driven heuristic interrogation of damage in bridges subjected to moving loads are examined. Finally, we recommend future research directions for advancing the development of damage identification relying on processing dynamic responses to moving loads. This study provides a profile of the state-of-the-art and state-of-the-use of damage identification in bridges based on dynamic responses to moving loads, with the primary aim of helping researchers find crucial points for further exploration of theories, methods, and technologies for damage detection in bridges subjected to moving loads.
Highlights
The research area of structural damage detection is important in the civil, mechanical, aerospace, military, and maritime fields [1,2,3,4]
Natural frequency can be obtained using the fast Fourier transform (FT) (FFT) to deal with the measured dynamic responses of bridges subjected to moving loads [42]
Based on the velocity response analyzed by the wavelet transform (WT), numerical studies have illustrated that: (1) the damage location can be identified by the WT with a single scale; (2) the value of the wavelet coefficients can be utilized to evaluate the damage intensity; (3) different damage locations cause different deflections of the beam; (4) damage can be located with a noise level up to 6%; and (5) the proposed damage detection method is suitable for loads moving at relatively slow velocity but not at fast speeds
Summary
The research area of structural damage detection is important in the civil, mechanical, aerospace, military, and maritime fields [1,2,3,4]. A moving load is usually applied as a massless force, a mass, an oscillator, an inertial force, or a modeled vehicle, and a bridge is modeled by an Euler-Bernoulli beam With these conditions, the equation of motion for an intact bridge subjected to a moving load M with velocity ν(t) can be expressed as [10]: EI. Where y(x,t) denotes the vertical displacement of the beam at the position x and time t, m is the mass per unit length, E is the Young’s modulus, and I is the area moment of inertia; x (t) = vt signifies the instantaneous load position along the beam with the velocity v; δ( x ) implies the Dirac delta function; g denotes the gravitational acceleration; L refers to the beam length With this model, many researchers have studied structural dynamic response problems induced by moving loads in intact bridge–vehicle systems [11,12,13]. The last section presents future research directions for advancing the development of damage identification relying on processing dynamic responses to moving loads
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