Abstract
On 1 March 2010, a disastrous groundwater inrush occurred at the Luotuoshan coalmine in Wuhai (Inner Mongolia, China). Great effort was taken during the post-accident rescue. However, triggered by a large amount of groundwater rushed in from the Ordovician limestone aquifer underlying the No.16 coal seam through the fractured sandy claystone and the karst collapse column, it caused great damage, including 32 deaths and direct economic losses of over 48 million yuan. The groundwater inrush originated from the floor heave in the air return gallery of the No.16 coal seam. The peak inflow rate was 60,036 m3/h. The gallery excavation under conditions caused by the incompletely recognized hydrogeological environment induced the accident. The unidentified spatial distribution of the karst collapse column triggered the accident directly. The high-pressure groundwater accumulated in the collapse column and the gallery excavation, which caused the redistribution of the in situ stress, contributing to progressive fractures in the floor of the No. 16 coal seam. Eventually, an intensive water-conductive passage consisting of the fractured floor and the karst collapse column formed. Administratively/technically, that mandatory regulations on gallery excavation were not carried out which contributed the accident. Moreover, the poor awareness about groundwater inrush recognition and quick remediation also contoirbuted to the disastrous extent of the accident.
Highlights
Underground gallery excavation and coal mining can severely influence the nearby strata.the nearby hydrogeological conditions will change seriously
According to recall of some of the miners who escaped from the flooded pit and post-accident site-reconnaissance, the groundwater inrush originated from the floor heave, in the air return gallery in the No 16 coal seam, as Figure 5 illustrates
The recharge behaved with obvious characteristics of the Ordovician karst site-reconnaissance, the groundwater inrush originated from the floor heave, in the air return gallery groundwater, too
Summary
Underground gallery excavation and coal mining can severely influence the nearby strata. REVIEW long way 2019, to go their some serious groundwater inrush episodes brought great damage [9,10]. Geological circumstances, categories, forecasting, prevention and control methods for the in China, aearly greatrecognition, number of related studies have been conducted. Geological circumstances, categories, early recognition, forecasting, prevention and control methods for the inrushes were the focus in these studies [11,12,13,14,15,16]. Forecasting, Subsequently, some research-based and practice-tested circumstances, categories, early recognition, prevention and control methods for the inrushes were the focus in these studies [11,12,13,14,15,16].
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