Abstract
Understanding seismic risk enables efficient resource allocation in the effort to increase the resilience of our cities and communities. Field reconnaissance and data collection following disasters document the damaging effects of earthquakes to enable lessons and wisdoms to accumulate from past events. An important aim of such field data analysis is establishing a better understanding of building performance such as causes of building failures. These lessons provide important basis to improve our design codes, develop regulations and policies, in order to increase building resilience by addressing the infrastructure vulnerability. Currently, in order to make use of the datasets from around the world, significant effort is required to decode the data which often have unique local and regional context and bias. The struggle beings at data collection where there is a lack of consistent methodology and definitions that can adequately cover the regional nuance. This paper proposes a new paper based tool which addresses the need for a global yet detailed universal methodology for building damage assessment post-earthquakes. The new form is based on the GEM taxonomy v2.0 and the European Macroseismic Scale EMS-98. The recent Mexican earthquake from the 19 September 2017 led to significant building damage in the capital Mexico City and the state of Morelos. A team from New Zealand assessed damage throughout the capital and tested the new paper form in Calle La Morena. The street case study presents a novel visualisation of the damage data and buildings characteristics which highlights the correlation between the damage and the building features. It is hope that this kind of illustration will lead to better comprehension of the damage drivers.
Highlights
One of the earliest contemporary earthquake reconnaissance and observation for scientific account was that by Robert Mallet (1810–1881)
Global Earthquake Model (GEM) building taxonomy validated by an Engineering Research Institute (EERI) team which described it as “highly functional, robust and able to describe different buildings around the world” (Gallagher et al, 2013)
The damage scale followed EMS-98, and a consistent color code was used for all graphs in this paper
Summary
One of the earliest contemporary earthquake reconnaissance and observation for scientific account was that by Robert Mallet (1810–1881). Mallet spent 1 month in Italy following the 1857 great Neapolitan earthquake (Ferrari and Mcconnell, 2005), and he collected meaningful data and documented his finding in the report “The first principles of observational seismology” (Mallet, 1862). After 1906, population abandoned San Francisco, and Los Angeles quickly outgrew San Francisco in the following decade. The San Francisco earthquake and other significant earthquakes such as the 1923 Kanto and 1995 Kobe Earthquakes highlighted the importance of the economic and social consequences of earthquake disasters. It pointed to the need for improving the resilience of our cities and urban environment
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