Abstract
This study is devoted to the damage characterization of Non-Crimp Fabric (NCF), 2D plain-woven (2D-PW) and 3D orthogonal plain-woven (ORT-PW) carbon/epoxy laminates, subjected to compression after multiple-impact loading, using Acoustic Emission (AE). The ultrasonic C-scan images showed that the interlaminar damage area induced by the single and 3-impact in ORT-PW architecture is 3 and 2 times smaller than NCF and 2D-PW architectures respectively. The impacted specimens were then subjected to the in-plane compression load. Two indices, one based on the mechanical response and another one based on the AE behavior of the laminates, were proposed to compare the performance of different architectures. These indices showed that the ORT-PW had the best performance among all the architectures. Finally, AE was used to distinguish the different damage mechanisms including: matrix cracking, intra and inter-yarn debonding, defected-fiber breakage, intact-fiber breakage and z-binder fiber breakage in the CAI tests of the architectures.
Highlights
Fiber-reinforced composites have been extensively used in aerospace, automotive and wind energy industries thanks to their high strength and stiffness to weight ratio compared to traditional metals
This study is devoted to the damage characterization of Non-Crimp Fabric (NCF), 2D plain-woven (2D-PW) and 3D orthogonal plain-woven (ORT-PW) carbon/epoxy laminates, subjected to compression after multiple-impact loading, using Acoustic Emission (AE)
Ultrasonic C-scan and 3D X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) were used to assess the interlaminar and intralaminar damages induced by low velocity impact (LVI) in the specimens
Summary
Fiber-reinforced composites have been extensively used in aerospace, automotive and wind energy industries thanks to their high strength and stiffness to weight ratio compared to traditional metals. The most popular type of composites, used in industrial applications, are in the form of two-dimensional (2D) composites, made of unidirectional or woven plies. They are characterized by high inplane properties while their out-of-plane properties are relatively poor. This makes them susceptible to severe damage when subjected to low velocity/low energy impact loading. Several studies investigated the impact resistance of unidirectional (UD) [2], non-crimp fabric (NCF) [3], 2D [4,5] and 3D [4,5,6,7] woven composites subjected to LVI. Damage tolerance, defined as the ability to maintain the undamaged or initial strength at the presence of damage, was quantified by measuring the residual strength after impact in tension (TAI), compression (CAI)
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