Abstract

AbstractRecent devastating earthquakes outlined the importance of quantifying losses and the amount of resources needed for the reconstruction process. The restoration of public or residential buildings in the aftermath of the seismic event may significantly affect national economy. This remarks the primary role and crucial need of having accurate predictions of direct and indirect costs for reconstruction in order to plan effective risk mitigation strategies and perform reliable loss scenarios. The recent Italian seismic events have been a unique occasion to collect observational data on existing buildings. The present work, based on the Italian experience of recent earthquakes, aims at discussing the main aspects related to the damage assessment of residential buildings and reconstruction models together with the huge amount of data collected in the reconstruction processes. In particular, an in-depth analysis of the data provided by the reconstruction process of 2009 L’Aquila earthquake is reported focussing on repair and strengthening intervention costs as a function of the empirical damage,repairability issues, and assistance to population costs. The data are discussed separately for reinforced concrete and masonry residential buildings and refers about 10,100 buildings located Outside Historical Centres (OHC) and Inside Historical Centres (IHC). Finally, the criteria adopted for the definition of the building seismic risk classes at the base of the Italian guidelines for seismic risk classification of constructions are presented together with recent policies adopted in Italy in terms of fiscal deduction for strengthening interventions on private residential buildings.

Highlights

  • Existing structures often exhibit poor seismic performance as demonstrated by the diffuse damage and numerous collapse, either partial or total, surveyed in the aftermaths of moderate-to-high magnitude strong motions worldwide; damage provided by earthquakes is a concern for a society as a whole in terms of loss of life and direct and indirect costs.Italy has experienced more than 60 destructive earthquakes over the past two centuries and starting from the devastating earthquake of Belice in 1968, the death toll has been about 5,000, corresponding to approximately 100 deaths/year

  • The present work, based on the experience of recent 2009 L’Aquila earthquake for which it was possible to collect a huge amount of data, aims at discussing the main aspects related to the damage assessment of buildings as well as the aspects related to direct and indirect costs for reconstruction

  • The paper deals with the analysis of damage assessment of buildings and direct and indirect costs for reconstruction of about 11,500 residential building outside and inside historical centers (OHC and Inside Historical Centres (IHC)) after the 2009 L’Aquila devastating earthquake

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Summary

Introduction

Existing structures often exhibit poor seismic performance as demonstrated by the diffuse damage and numerous collapse, either partial or total, surveyed in the aftermaths of moderate-to-high magnitude strong motions worldwide; damage provided by earthquakes is a concern for a society as a whole in terms of loss of life and direct and indirect costs. A proper quantification of lives and monetary losses as well as of time to recover the buildings’ functionality is of paramount importance to give indications to decision makers for establishing seismic risk mitigation policies, and to insurance companies to value sound insurance premium for existing building in the seismic prone areas To this aim, it is fundamental to collect post-earthquake data regarding the usability of buildings, the type and extent of damage on structural and non-structural members, the ordinances issued to regulate the reconstruction stages and the relevant costs and time to be completed. The present work, based on the experience of recent 2009 L’Aquila earthquake for which it was possible to collect a huge amount of data, aims at discussing the main aspects related to the damage assessment of buildings as well as the aspects related to direct and indirect costs for reconstruction (i.e. repair and strengthening intervention costs, repairability, and assistance to population costs). The data discussed have been used in Italy to define a document developed for the seismic risk classification of existing buildings approved in February 2017 by the Consiglio Superiore dei Lavori Pubblici, (Ministry Decree no. 2017) defining the technical principles for exploiting tax deductions with respect to seismic strengthening interventions (the so-called “Sismabonus”)

The 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake Experience
The Reconstruction of Residential Building Outside Historical Centers (OHC)
Damage and Repair Costs
Strengthening Intervention, Structural/Geotechnical Tests and Energy Efficiency Costs
Population Assistance
Reconstruction of Residential Buildings Inside Historical Centers (IHC)
Seismic Risk Classification of Constructions in Italy
Findings
Conclusions
Full Text
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