Damage analysis of functionally graded materials: A finite element investigation utilizing the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model for notched plates

Abstract

This study examines the mechanical behavior of notched materials under severe uniaxial monotonic loading until failure. Instead of focusing on the structural damages caused by notches, this study explores the complex loading experienced by notches. Finite element analysis of notched specimens is performed using ABAQUS-explicit. It is based on Von Mises’ flow theory and the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman damage model for void growth and coalescence. Functionally graded materials are strategically applied around the notches to enhance structural integrity. Concept-1 is proposed near the notch for maximum reinforcement, while Concept-2 is proposed in the central graded area for the optimal transition between the two concepts. A volumetric fraction index is an essential tool for enhancing gradation design robustness. As a result, the model can accurately predict ductile ruptures and void evolutions, proving that gradation concepts play a pivotal role in the behavior of structures. As a result of analyzing structures subjected to severe loads in real-world environments within industries such as aerospace, automotive, and construction, this groundbreaking work contributes to the fundamental understanding of the mechanical behavior of materials under extreme loading conditions.