Dairy products and kidney function decline after myocardial infarction: A prospective analysis in the Alpha Omega Cohort

Abstract

Population-based studies have shown both beneficial and neutral associations between dairy consumption and kidney function outcomes. We investigated the association between dairy products and kidney function decline in drug-treated post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients. We analysed data of 2169 post-MI patients (aged 60-80 years, 81% male) of the Alpha Omega Cohort. Dietary data were collected at baseline (2002-2006) using a validated 203-item food frequency questionnaire. The 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) equation was used to estimate 40-months change in creatinine-cystatin C based glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr-cysC, mL/min per 1.73m2). Beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dairy products in relation to annual eGFRcr-cysC change were obtained from multivariable linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, and other lifestyle and dietary factors. Baseline energy-adjusted median intakes were 64g/day for total milk, 20g/day for hard cheeses, 18g/day for plain yogurt, and 70g/day for dairy desserts. Mean±SD eGFRcr-cysC was 84±20 (13% with CKD), and annual eGFRcr-cysC change was-1.71±3.85. In multivariable models, high vs. low intakes of total milk, cheese, and dairy desserts were not associated with annual eGFRcr-cysC change (βtotal milk:-0.21 [-0.60; 0.19], βcheese:-0.08 [-0.52; 0.36], βdairy desserts:-0.24 [-0.72; 0.24]). High vs. low intake of yogurt was adversely associated with annual eGFRcr-cysC change (βtotal yogurt:-0.50 [-0.91;-0.09]), but subsequent spline analyses showed no clear dose-response association. Intakes of milk, cheese or dairy desserts were not associated with a delayed kidney function decline after MI. The observed adverse association for yogurt should be interpreted with caution. Our findings require confirmation in other cohorts of coronary heart disease patients.