Abstract
The association between dairy product consumption and body mass index (BMI) remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between total dairy, milk, cheese, cream and butter consumption and BMI change over a 10-year follow-up by using long-term follow-up cohort data from the Caerphilly Prospective Cohort Study (CAPS). The CAPS included 2512 men aged 45–59 years at baseline, who were followed up at 5-year intervals for over 20-year. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire estimated the intake of dairy consumption, including milk, cheese, cream and butter at baseline, 5-year and 10-year follow-up. In total, men free of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer (n = 1690) were included in current analysis. General linear regression and logistic regression were used for data analysis. The results showed higher cheese consumption was associated with lower BMI at the 5-year follow-up (p = 0.013). There was no evidence that higher consumption of total dairy, milk, cream and butter were significantly associated with BMI during the over the 10-year following-up. This study suggest that cheese consumption have beneficial effects on lowering BMI, which needs further investigation.
Highlights
The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions with more than 600 million adults worldwide classified as clinically obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 ) [1]
After controlling for total energy intake, subjects with the highest dairy consumption tended to have a higher intake of fat (p < 0.001), but not protein or fibre
The association of total dairy, milk, cheese, cream and butter intakes with BMI at baseline and BMI changes from baseline are shown in Tables 2–6, respectively
Summary
The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions with more than 600 million adults worldwide classified as clinically obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 ) [1]. Among the various approaches to tackle obesity and its comorbidities, a heathy diet is one of the key determinants of reducing obesity rates [2]. Given that dairy products are naturally rich in protein and essential micronutrients, including calcium, potassium and vitamin A, they are recommended as an integral part of a healthy diet by many countries [3]. Evidence from a meta-analysis of 29 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including a total of 2101 women and men, showed that higher dairy consumption was inversely associated with weight change in short-term (2 year) are inconsistent and limited [8,9,10]
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