Dairy Food Consumption is Inversely Associated with the Prevalence of Periodontal Disease in Korean Adults.

Kyueun Lee,Jihye Kim

doi:10.3390/nu11051035

Abstract

Dairy food consumption is known to be inversely associated with periodontal disease. However, there are conflicting results depending on the type of dairy foods. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between individual dairy food consumption and periodontal disease. A total of 9798 Korean adults, aged ≥30 years, who participated in the fifth and sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this study’s analysis. Dairy food consumption was measured by the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Periodontal disease was defined as Community Periodontal Index score ≥3 in more than one of six sextants. Frequent intake of dairy foods (≥7 servings/week) was associated with a 24% lower prevalence of periodontal disease compared with never consumers after adjustment for age, gender, income, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, diabetes mellitus status, calcium intake, tooth brushing frequency, and use of dental floss (Odds ratio (OR)= 0.76, 95% CI = 0.63–0.91, p for trend = 0.052). Also, frequent intake of milk (≥7 servings/week) was associated with a 26% lower prevalence of periodontal disease after adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.61–0.89, p for trend = 0.022). Frequent consumption of dairy food including milk may have a beneficial effect on periodontal disease in the Korean adult population.

Highlights

Periodontal disease is characterized by microbial-associated, host-mediated inflammation, and it brings about the diminished density of alveolar bone as well as the destruction of bone structure [1].Progression of periodontal disease is a major risk factor of tooth loss in adult populations
Frequent intake of dairy foods (≥7 servings/week) was associated with a 24% lower prevalence of periodontal disease compared with never consumers after adjustment for age, gender, income, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, diabetes mellitus status, calcium intake, tooth brushing frequency, and use of dental floss (Odds ratio (OR)= 0.76, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 0.63–0.91, p for trend
General characteristics of subjects according to the presence of periodontal disease are shown in Body mass index (BMI), had higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, were more likely to be current smokers and heavy alcohol drinkers, had less tooth brushing, were less likely to use dental floss, and had lower intakes of dairy foods than normal subjects

Summary

Introduction

Progression of periodontal disease is a major risk factor of tooth loss in adult populations. The burden of periodontal disease will likely be even more increased in a rapidly aging population. A few studies have examined the association between total dairy intake and periodontal disease, but the results were conflicting. Al-Zahrani et al, showed that an increased intake of dairy foods was inversely associated with the prevalence of periodontal disease [8]. Shimazaki et al found that lactic acid foods, but not total dairy intake, was associated with periodontal disease [9]. Only one study has examined the relationship between different types of dairy foods and periodontal disease [10]; Nutrients 2019, 11, 1035; doi:10.3390/nu11051035 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients

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