Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with insulin resistance, alterations in glucose metabolism and dyslipidemia. During caloric restriction, calcium supplementation and dairy food intake augment weight and fat loss, yet the effects of calcium and dairy food on lipid metabolism particularly in those losing weight to reverse associated metabolic problems have not been studied. The objective of this study was to determine whether calcium, provided as a calcium carbonate supplement, or dairy foods in a calorie-restricted diet changed lipid responses compared to a calorie-restricted, low-calcium diet. The high-dairy group lost more total, trunk fat and intra-abdominal adipose tissue compared with the placebo and high calcium groups. Significant changes in lipid metabolism associated with insulin resistance were found, and yet were different between the dietary groups. Plasma total free fatty acids, including significant changes in 16:0, 18:0, 18:1n9 and 18:1n7 all increased in the placebo and high-calcium supplement groups but decreased significantly in the high-dairy group compared to baseline. Only the high-dairy group demonstrated significant decreased concentrations of FFA circulating in plasma during weight loss. These results imply that a component(s) in dairy products affects aspects of lipid metabolism discrete from the effects of calcium alone during caloric restriction
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