Abstract
Dairy products are integral parts of healthy diets; however, their association with cardiometabolic (CM) health among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) undergoing weight management is debated. We examined the relationship between dairy consumption and CM biomarkers in 45 subjects with T2D and obesity (mean age 56 ± 9 yrs, 40% female) enrolled in a 12-week intensive multidisciplinary weight management (IMWM) program. After the IMWM program (intervention phase), subjects were followed for 12 weeks (maintenance phase). We stratified subjects based on initial average dairy consumption into infrequent (IFR), less-frequent (LFR), and frequent (FR) consumers. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks. There were no differences between tertiles at baseline except for higher total energy intake among FR compared with IFR. HbA1c changes showed no association with dairy consumption at 12 or 24 weeks. FR Females achieved greater weight loss at 12 weeks compared with IFR peers (−4.5 kg; 95%CI: −5.5, −3.5). There was a trend towards lower HDL-C with increasing dairy consumption during the intervention phase. In subjects with T2D and overweight or obesity, dairy consumption during weight management is not associated with HbA1c changes but with lower HDL-C and with higher magnitude of weight loss among females.
Highlights
IntroductionIn 2019, 463 million people globally had diabetes with type 2 diabetes accounting for ~90% of cases [1]
Diabetes is a major public health problem
We examined the relationship between dairy consumption and glycemic control, body weight, lipid profile, and other CM risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity during an intensive multidisciplinary weight management (IMWM) program, and whether dairy consumption frequency is associated with maintenance of weight loss and/or other CM risk factors during the maintenance phase
Summary
In 2019, 463 million people globally had diabetes with type 2 diabetes accounting for ~90% of cases [1]. In an era of precision medicine and individualized nutrition, it is crucial to investigate the impact of certain types of food and nutrients on disease prevention and management. Dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt have been incorporated into many healthy eating plans, as they are rich in protein, calcium, vitamin D, and potassium [5,6]. Dairy products are rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), dense in calories, and their effects on cardiometabolic (CM) health remain uncertain
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