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Abstract
The air quality levels vary during a day, especially in inhabited areas. Therefore, it seems reasonable to observe and analyze the occurrence of daily maximum and minimum level of air pollution. In this article, data obtained from automatic air quality monitoring stations located in 5 large, 5 small and medium cities and 5 villages in Poland was analyzed in 2012−2016. Those locations vary, inter alia, depending on number of inhabitants and population density, and for this reason also due to the presence of air contaminants. As an indicator of daily variability air pollution it was determined the ratio of maximum to minimum concentrations of selected air pollutants (NO2 and NOx, and O3, SO2, CO, PM10 and PM2.5, and benzene) in urban and agricultural areas. In winter, the daily changes were bigger in cities than in villages. While in summer, the level of daily variability was similar, irrespective of size of the settlement unit. The biggest daily changes concerned nitrogen oxides, the lowest − sulfur dioxide and dusts.
Highlights
IntroductionIn different ways, the state of the environment
Air pollution affects, in different ways, the state of the environment
The highest daily variability in winter periods occurred in the areas characterized by the highest population density (Table 3), i.e. in cities in urban traffic areas (UT)
Summary
In different ways, the state of the environment. This impacts the state of fauna and flora, and pose a threat to human health in exposed areas [1−3]. Sulfur oxides, tropospheric ozone and dusts are the so-called "classic air pollutants". They have a harmful effect on the human respiratory system [4−6]. Other air pollutants can be toxic, such as carbon monoxide, which achieves low concentrations in atmospheric air, or carcinogenic, such as benzene [7−10]. Anthropogenic sources of air pollution in Europe are mainly: intensity of road transport, activity of the power sector, and other types of burning fossil fuels [17]
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