Abstract
Urinary artificial sweeteners (ASs) have been proved to be useful biomarkers for assessing their dietary intakes; however, it is unclear how well a spot urine sample may represent a longer-term exposure. Therefore, a longitudinal study was designed and six ASs and two oxidative stress biomarkers, namely, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were determined. Acesulfame (ACE) and saccharin (SAC) were detected in most urines with concentration ranges of <LOQ-33,870 and <LOQ-8100 ng/mL, respectively. Poor intrasubject variability was found in AS measurements, and at least 20 voids were required to estimate participant-specific mean for AS exposures. Furthermore, ASs exhibited significant positive interactions with 8-OHdG and MDA (p < 0.001). A hazard quotient implies safe exposure levels of the participants to ACE and SAC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the sampling strategy of ASs in urines on a temporal basis, together with exploring their potential toxicity mechanisms.
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