Daily Rhythms of Hunger and Satiety in Healthy Men during One Week of Sleep Restriction and Circadian Misalignment.

Charli Sargent,Xuan Zhou,David Darwent,Gregory Roach,Raymond Matthews

doi:10.3390/ijerph13020170

Charli Sargent, Xuan Zhou + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13020170

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Abstract

The impact of sleep restriction on the endogenous circadian rhythms of hunger and satiety were examined in 28 healthy young men. Participants were scheduled to 2 × 24-h days of baseline followed by 8 × 28-h days of forced desynchrony during which sleep was either moderately restricted (equivalent to 6 h in bed/24 h; n = 14) or severely restricted (equivalent to 4 h in bed/24 h; n = 14). Self-reported hunger and satisfaction were assessed every 2.5 h during wake periods using visual analogue scales. Participants were served standardised meals and snacks at regular intervals and were not permitted to eat ad libitum. Core body temperature was continuously recorded with rectal thermistors to determine circadian phase. Both hunger and satiety exhibited a marked endogenous circadian rhythm. Hunger was highest, and satiety was lowest, in the biological evening (i.e., ~17:00–21:00 h) whereas hunger was lowest, and satiety was highest in the biological night (i.e., 01:00–05:00 h). The results are consistent with expectations based on previous reports and may explain in some part the decrease in appetite that is commonly reported by individuals who are required to work at night. Interestingly, the endogenous rhythms of hunger and satiety do not appear to be altered by severe—as compared to moderate—sleep restriction.

Highlights

IntroductionThe number of individuals undertaking shiftwork continues to increase
Across the developed world, the number of individuals undertaking shiftwork continues to increase
Prospective consumption and hunger tended to be highest around the maximum of the core body temperature rhythm (i.e., 180 ̋ ) and lowest around the minimum of the core body temperature rhythm (i.e., 300 ̋ –0 ̋ ) (Figure 2, top left and right panels)

Summary

Introduction

The number of individuals undertaking shiftwork continues to increase. Numerous factors are thought to contribute to the increased risk of metabolic disorders observed in individuals who undertake shiftwork, including misalignment between the endogenous circadian timing system and behavioural cycles of sleep/wake and fasting/feeding [7,8]. Scheer et al [12] examined whether the internal circadian timing system exerts an influence on sensations of hunger in healthy adults with the use of a 20-h forced desynchrony protocol. The advantage of this protocol is that sleep periods and meals can be tightly

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