Daily experiences and adolescent health

Abstract

Daily stress experiences trigger biological and psychological responses that help to manage the stress experience. However, if repeated or chronic, these stress responses are harmful to biological and psychological health. Stress during adolescence is especially important to consider because it can entirely reshape the persons’ lifelong health and disease risk. This reshaping of health occurs partly as a result of stress-induced biological changes, conceptualised as ‘allostatic load’. Allostatic load is the cumulative cost of chronic stress experiences and is measured using biomarkers of risk in the body’s cardiovascular and metabolic systems. There is strong evidence of the relationship of stress and allostatic load in adults, but this relationship is rarely considered in adolescents, despite evidence that adolescents experience transition-stress via the biopsychosocial changes during this developmental stage. As this transition-stress is experienced when adolescents are still developing stress-regulation skills, the effects of stress may be exacerbated, and manifest as allostatic load. Preventing the onset and progression of allostatic load requires adaptive patterns of stress regulation in combination with positive health behaviours. The aim of this research is to understand the interaction of these factors and identify effective ways for adolescents to reduce allostatic load risk and develop positive health behaviours.