Abstract
Four species ofCosmetocleithrum(three new) and one new species ofVancleaveusare described or reported parasitizing the gills of doradid catfishes (Siluriformes) from Xingu River and related tributaries:Cosmetocleithrumphryctophallussp. nov. andCosmetocleithrumbifurcumMendoza-Franco, Mendoza-Palmero & Scholz, 2016 fromHassarorestis;Cosmetocleithrumleandroisp. nov. fromHassargabiru;Cosmetocleithrumakuandubasp. nov. andVancleaveusklassenisp. nov. fromHassarorestisandH.gabiru.Cosmetocleithrumphryctophallussp. nov. differs from its congeners by possessing a male copulatory organ (MCO) with 2 ½ counterclockwise rings, and an accessory piece with an elongate torch-shaped blade.Cosmetocleithrumleandroisp. nov. has a MCO comprising a coil of about 3 ½ rings, a sigmoid accessory piece with a cup-shaped distal portion, a single type of hooks, and anchors with poorly differentiated roots.Cosmetocleithrumakuandubasp. nov. is characterized mainly by having a J-shaped MCO, an elongate accessory piece with sharp distal region, distal portion with a small gutter, and a heavily sclerotized vagina with short “S”-shaped vaginal canal.Vancleaveusklassenisp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus occurring in doradids by possessing anchors with triangular to subtriangular superficial root, developed deep root, and a coiled MCO with 2 ½ counterclockwise rings.Cosmetocleithrumbifurcumwas reported for the first time parasitizing doradids from Brazilian Amazon.
Highlights
Freshwater catfish belonging to the Doradidae Bleeker, 1858 (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) are endemic to the Neotropics, being reported in all basins of South America, mainly in Brazil, Peru, and Guianas (Birindelli 2014, Nelson et al 2016)
There are currently 65 species of Doradidae occurring in Brazilian inland waters, of which ~70% are reported from the Amazon Basin (Buckup et al 2007, Birindelli 2014, Sabaj-Pérez and Hernández 2017)
Dactylogyrids from the gills of Hassar gabiru and Hassar orestis species have been investigated for monogenoidean parasites (i.e., Franciscodoras marmoratus [Lütken, 1874]; Pterodoras granulosus [Valenciennes, 1921]; Oxydoras niger [Valenciennes, 1821]; Nemadoras hemipeltis [Eigenmann, 1925], Hassar orestis [Steindachner, 1875]; Trachydoras paraguayensis [Eigenmann & Ward, 1907]) (Cohen et al 2013, Mendoza-Franco et al 2016, Acosta et al 2018)
Summary
Freshwater catfish belonging to the Doradidae Bleeker, 1858 (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) are endemic to the Neotropics, being reported in all basins of South America, mainly in Brazil, Peru, and Guianas (Birindelli 2014, Nelson et al 2016). Thirty-five species of metazoan parasites have been reported to infect doradids (i.e., 2 Acanthocephala, 1 Crustacea, 12 Nematoda and 20 Platyhelminthes) (Thatcher 2006, Kohn et al 2007, Luque et al 2011, Cohen et al 2013, Mendoza-Franco et al 2016, Acosta et al 2018). Dactylogyrids from the gills of Hassar gabiru and Hassar orestis species have been investigated for monogenoidean parasites (i.e., Franciscodoras marmoratus [Lütken, 1874]; Pterodoras granulosus [Valenciennes, 1921]; Oxydoras niger [Valenciennes, 1821]; Nemadoras hemipeltis [Eigenmann, 1925], Hassar orestis [Steindachner, 1875]; Trachydoras paraguayensis [Eigenmann & Ward, 1907]) (Cohen et al 2013, Mendoza-Franco et al 2016, Acosta et al 2018). Cosmetocleithrum bifurcum Mendoza-Franco, Mendoza-Palmero & Scholz, 2016 is reported for the first time parasitizing Hassar orestis in Brazilian waters, and the first time parasitizing H. gabiru
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