Dacryocystitis in a Patent Nasolacrimal Drainage System: A Literature Review

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction Acute dacryocystitis is an acute infection and the lacrimal sac secondary to pathogenic microorganism growth within the stagnant fluid in the lacrimal sac secondary to nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Methods A literature review was conducted on the PubMed database using the following search terms “dacryocystic retention” and “dacryocystitis” or “dacryolith” or “lacrimal duct” or “pseudo-dacryocystitis”. Results The literature review suggests that dacryocystitis in a patent nasolacrimal drainage system can stem from diverse causes including the mechanical impaction by dacryoliths, viral infections and anatomical variations. It is believed that these causes lead to transient obstruction to the nasolacrimal excretory system predisposing to secondary infections. Idiopathic temporary dacryocystic retention is also highlighted in this review. Conclusions This review broadens the understanding of dacryocystic retention and highlights the need for careful diagnosis and tailored treatment plans, particularly in cases deviating from the traditional etiological pathways.