D35-TiO2 nano-crystalline film as a high performance visible-light photocatalyst towards the degradation of bis-phenol A

Abstract

Dye-sensitized photocatalytic suspension system for wastewater treatment is still limited in practice due to particle aggregation, fast charge carrier recombination, poor stability and recycling issue. In this study, we combine TiO2 nano-crystalline film with D35 organic dye to fabricate a new visible-light photocatalyst D35-TiO2, which exhibits excellent visible light absorption. Its transient photocurrent is almost 10 times higher than pure TiO2 under visible light illumination (λ > 420 nm). Besides the well characterizations of the D35-TiO2 film, e.g., SEM, EDS, TEM, XRD, UV–Vis DRS, XPS, PL and I-T, degradation of bis-phenol A (BPA) is performed as the model reaction to test its photocatalytic activity. Meanwhile, we employ external bias in the reaction system to further enhance the photogenerated charge carrier separation, and improve the photocatalytic efficiency. Under the better experimental conditions of initial BPA concentration (5 mg/L), initial pH (pH 7), external bias (0.25 V) and sensitizer concentration (0.1 mM), BPA is almost completely degraded in 300 min, and the four intermediates are gradually mineralized. The ecotoxicity of BPA also decreases significantly after the photodegradation. During the reaction, O2− plays a dominant role, meanwhile ·OH and h+D35 also contribute to the BPA degradation. After five cycles, the D35-TiO2 film still maintain the normal photocatalytic activity. Due to the high stability and recyclability, the D35-TiO2 nano-crystalline film provides a sustainable way for degrading micropollutants in wastewater.