\(d_{x^{2} - y^{2}}\)-Density Wave and \(d_{x^{2} - y^{2}}\)-wave Superconducting Gap on the Extended Hubbard Model on a Square Lattice

Abstract

The extended Hubbard model with a nearest-neighbor Coulomb repulsion on the square lattice is studied to obtain insight into the phase diagram of cuprate high Tc superconductors (HTS). We derive an effective Hamiltonian by using the canonical transformation and develop a mean-field theory. The calculated phase diagrams are qualitatively consistent with the experimental phase diagrams of HTS. We thus conclude that the pseudogap can be interpreted as the order parameter of the \(d_{x^{2} - y^{2}}\)-density wave (DDW) state, and the \(d_{x^{2} - y^{2}}\)-wave superconducting (DSC) rises based on the DDW order. The analytical representation of the density of states is obtained and, near the optimal doping of the DSC, the van Hove singular point of the density of states is located at the Fermi level. Our obtained mean-field effective Hamiltonian includes the hidden-order scenario proposed in [S. Chakravarty et al., Phys. Rev. B 63, 094503 (2001)].