Abstract
The use of natural bio-based compounds becomes an eco-friendly strategy to control plant diseases. Rare sugars would be promising compounds as inducers of plant “sweet immunity”. The present study aimed to investigate the induced resistance of grapevine leaves against Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea by a rare sugar-based product (IFP48) and its active ingredient D-tagatose (TAG), in order to elucidate molecular mechanism involved in defense-related metabolic regulations before and after pathogen challenge. Data showed that spraying leaves with IFP48 and TAG lead to a significant reduction of downy mildew, but not of gray mold disease. The induced protection against P. viticola relies on IFP48’s and to a lesser extent TAG’s ability to potentiate the activation of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid/ethylene-responsive genes and stilbene phytoalexin accumulation. Most of defense responses remained upregulated in IFP48-treated plants after infection with P. viticola, but inconsistent following challenge with B. cinerea. The beneficial effects of IFP48 were associated with an enhanced accumulation of tagatose inside leaf tissues compared to TAG treatment. Meanwhile, the amounts of sugars, glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose and trehalose remained unchanged or decreased in IFP48-treated leaves after P. viticola infection, although only a few genes involved in sugar transport and metabolism showed transcriptional regulation. This suggests a contribution of sugar homeostasis to the IFP48-induced sweet immune response and priming plants for enhanced resistance to P. viticola, but not to B. cinerea.
Highlights
The cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is highly susceptible to a large number of economically devastating diseases, including downy mildew, caused by the oomycetePlasmopora viticola, and gray mold, caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea [1]
The capacity of IFP48 and TAG to protect grapevine leaves was assessed by foliar spraying of both products at 5 g/L, as an optimal concentration previously optimized in spraying of both products at 5 g/L, as an optimal concentration previously optimized the lab conditions
Disease symptoms were monitored by quantifying sporulation of with P. viticola and B. cinerea
Summary
The cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is highly susceptible to a large number of economically devastating diseases, including downy mildew, caused by the oomycetePlasmopora viticola, and gray mold, caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea [1]. The necrotrophic B. cinerea first kills the host cell with toxins and hydrolytic enzymes, and uses the macerating plant tissues as food [2]. These diseases are mainly controlled by chemical fungicides, which cause negative impacts on human health and environment, as well as the appearance of resistant pathogen strains [3,4,5]. The challenge for a sustainable viticulture is to reduce chemical inputs by the implementation of new innovative and eco-friendly strategies aiming at inducing plant resistance and inhibiting pathogen development. In this context, promising outcomes have been achieved using natural bio-based elicitors or resistance inducers of different nature, capable of triggering plant innate immunity [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
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