Abstract
Dryopithecus is a genus of Miocene ape known from Europe. In the past the nomen Dryopithecus was used for most fossil apes in Asia and Africa as well as Europe, in part to distinguish them from a few Miocene apes that were thought to be more directly related to humans. While Dryopithecus today technically refers to just one or perhaps a few species with very limited distribution, close relatives of Dryopithecus , the dryopithecins, were widespread in Europe from about 12.5 million years ago (Ma) to 9.5 Ma. This article summarizes the paleobiology and phylogeny of the dryopithecins. The author's research has led him to conclude that many Middle and Late Miocene apes from Europe should be included in the dryopithecini, a tribe of the Homininae (African apes and hominins).
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