Abstract
Oxidative stress commonly occurs in pig production, which can severely damage the intestinal function of weaned piglets. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of D-galactose with different levels used to induce chronic oxidative stress on growth performance, intestinal morphology and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. The results showed that addition of 10 and 20 g/kg BW D-galactose reduced average daily gain and average daily feed intake from the first to the third week. 10 g/kg BW D-galactose increased the concentration of serum MDA at the second and third week. 10 g/kg BW D-galactose significantly influenced the jejunal and ileal expressions of GPx1, CAT1, and MnSOD. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that compared with the control, 10 and 20 g/kg BW D-galactose significantly decreased the relative abundance of Tenericutes, Erysipelotrichia, Erysipelotrichales, and Erysipelotrichaceae, while increased the relative abundance of Negativicutes, Selenomonnadales, and Veillonellaceae. The results indicated that treatment with 10 g/kg BW/day D-galactose for 3 weeks could induce chronic oxidative stress, reduce the growth performance and alter gut microbiota in weaned piglets.
Highlights
Oxidative stress is regarded as an imbalance between the oxidative and antioxidative reactions (Jiang et al, 2016; Yahata and Hamaoka, 2016)
Thirty-two crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; average body weight (BW) = 5.44 ± 0.26 kg) healthy piglets weaned at 21 days were randomly divided into four treatments (n = 8/group): (1) control group, piglets were fed the basal diet; (2) 5 g/kg BW D-galactose group, piglets were fed with the basal diet supplemented with D-galactose at a dosage of 5 g/kg BW/day; (3) 10 g/kg BW D-galactose group, piglets were fed with the basal diet supplemented with D-galactose at a dosage of 10 g/kg BW/day; and (4) 20 g/kg BW D-galactose group, piglets were fed the basal diet supplemented with D-galactose at a dosage of 20 g/kg BW/day
D-galactose have no significant effects on the villus height, crypt depth, and villus height/crypt depth (P > 0.05) (Figures 2A–C,I), the villus surface area of 20 g/kg BW D-galactose group was significantly lower than the other groups (P < 0.05) (Figure 2D)
Summary
Oxidative stress is regarded as an imbalance between the oxidative and antioxidative reactions (Jiang et al, 2016; Yahata and Hamaoka, 2016). Disordered gut microbiota can produce excessive ROS to induce oxidative stress that in turn lead to intestinal inflammation and even various chronic diseases related to inflammation (Marciano and Vajro, 2017; Vasquez et al, 2019). Treatment with diquat and polyunsaturated fatty acids are always used to induce acute or chronic oxidative stress in piglets (Di Giancamillo et al, 2015; Shen et al, 2015; Cao et al, 2018; Rossi et al, 2019). Vegetable oil and fish oil enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids are commonly used to induced chronic oxidative stress but the fresh oil need to be pre-oxidized and determined the peroxide value before supplementation, which is a little complex (Shan et al, 2009; Di Giancamillo et al, 2015; Wang et al, 2016)
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