(Dé)formations du processus de néophobie. Une approche sociologique des particularités alimentaires des enfants avec un trouble du spectre autistique

Abstract

Many researchers, professionals and parents underline that children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have “eating disorders”. This research proposes to go beyond the approach in terms of “selectivity” or eating “problems”. It focuses, through the process of neophobia, on the vagaries of the construction of their eating repertoire, from birth to adolescence. The approach combines qualitative and quantitative methods. The first takes the form of interviews with parents of children with ASD aged 4 to 13 (n=21) and the second of a questionnaire with parents of adolescents with ASD aged 12 to 16 (n=322). While for parents difficulties in eating are not a warning sign of autism, they are identified very early on and make sense in retrospect with the diagnosis. Food refusals between the ages of 3 and 7 are considered the most problematic behaviors. The data show a strong inter-individual variation among children with ASD. A typology was constructed according to the forming/distortion of the neophobic process. The population studied is divided into six categories: supratypical (20.8%), normotypical (16.1%), infratypical (18.6%), progressive (17.7%), late (9.0%), and neophile (17.7%). The discussion opens with an analysis of the dietary particularities of the autistic population based on the work carried out on neophobia in the general population. It thus emerges that phenomena often identified as specific to the autistic population can reveal variations in the neophobic process. It therefore seems appropriate to speak of food neophobia in the plural.