D-dimer Levels as Novel Biomarker Predictor for All-cause In-hospital Mortality Risk in COVID-19 Patients

Abstract

Background : Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected people all around the world in varying degrees of severity, causing death. The global case fatality rate (CFR) due to COVID-19 was 2.2 % as of January 1st, 2021. The CFR in the Kediri district is 7.7%, which is higher than the Nasional CFR of 3%. In COVID-19, we looked at high D-dimer as one of the predictors of in-hospital mortality. Objectives : The goal of this study was to find a link between D-dimer levels and all-cause in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients, as well as to define the best cut-off point. Methods : A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted. From March to December 2020, 185 COVID-19 patients treated at Kediri General Hospital who were confirmed positive by RT-PCR matched the eligibility criteria. The levels of D-dimer were divided into two groups: those above and those below the cutoff point. We 􏰏􏰚􏰏􏰦􏰗􏰱􏰋􏰕 􏰲 􏰩􏰞􏰊 􏰓􏰒 􏰐􏰓􏰝􏰚􏰊􏰌􏰳 􏰴􏰘􏰕􏰝􏰔􏰋􏰑 􏰵 􏰢􏰣􏰤 􏰶􏰟􏰷􏰔􏰦􏰳 􏰴􏰘􏰕􏰝􏰔􏰋􏰑 􏰵 􏰧 􏰶􏰟􏰷􏰔􏰦􏰳 􏰴􏰘􏰕􏰝􏰔􏰋􏰑 􏰵 􏰸 􏰶􏰟􏰷􏰔􏰦􏰳 􏰏􏰚􏰕 􏰴􏰘􏰕􏰝􏰔􏰋􏰑 􏰵 􏰲 􏰶􏰟􏰷􏰔􏰦􏰣 The primary endpoint was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Data were collected retrospectively and processed using SPSS version 25.0. Results : 􏰴􏰞􏰑􏰝􏰚􏰟 􏰜􏰓􏰌􏰐􏰝􏰊􏰏􏰦􏰝􏰱􏰏􏰊􏰝􏰓􏰚􏰳 􏰲􏰤 􏰐􏰏􏰊􏰝􏰋􏰚􏰊􏰌 􏰪􏰧􏰲􏰣􏰸􏰹􏰮 􏰎􏰋􏰑􏰋 􏰕􏰝􏰋􏰕􏰣 􏰺􏰦􏰋􏰻􏰏􏰊􏰋􏰕 􏰴􏰘􏰕􏰝􏰔􏰋􏰑 􏰵 􏰲 􏰶􏰟􏰷􏰔􏰦 􏰎􏰏􏰌 􏰌􏰊􏰏􏰊􏰝􏰌􏰊􏰝􏰩􏰏􏰦􏰦􏰗 significant associated with all-cause inhospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41 – 8.49, p = 0.007), with a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 42.2% ( area under curve [AUC] = 0.628; 95% CI = 0.527 – 0.728; p = 0.012). Conclusion : Elevated D-dimer levels were associated with all-cause in-hospital mortality. In our study, the 􏰓􏰐􏰊􏰝􏰔􏰏􏰦 􏰩􏰞􏰊 􏰓􏰒 􏰐􏰓􏰝􏰚􏰊 􏰴􏰘􏰕􏰝􏰔􏰋􏰑 􏰻􏰏􏰦􏰞􏰋 􏰎􏰏􏰌 􏰲 􏰶􏰟􏰷􏰔􏰦􏰣